The calling connection you pick can matter more to the bill than the license tier, because it decides who charges you for minutes and how.[3] Microsoft supports four ways to reach the public phone network, and a single tenant can use more than one at once for different groups of users.[3]
Microsoft Calling Plans
Microsoft acts as your carrier and folds calling into the per-user prices above, either bundled at $17 or $34 or metered at $13.[1][3] It is the simplest to set up and bill, since numbers, minutes, and emergency calling all come from Microsoft under one agreement.[3]
Operator Connect
A certified third-party carrier provides the numbers and minutes, and you enable them inside the Teams admin center without managing any hardware.[3] Microsoft charges only for the phone-system license, meaning the $10 Standard tier or nothing extra on E5, while the carrier bills separately for calling.[3][4] Many of these carriers price calling as a flat per-user rate that includes unlimited domestic calling, which can be steadier to budget than metered minutes.[3][10]
Teams Phone Mobile
A certified mobile operator ties a user's SIM mobile number to their Teams identity so one number rings in both places.[3] As with Operator Connect, Microsoft charges for the license and the mobile operator bills for the service.[3]
Direct Routing
You connect your own carrier through a Session Border Controller (SBC) that you or a provider procures and manages.[3] It works in any country and lets you keep an existing carrier contract, though the SBC and its upkeep, including certificate management and monitoring, are a real cost that sits with whoever runs it.[3] At scale it often has the lowest per-minute economics, which is why larger organizations weigh it against the simplicity of Calling Plans.[3]
A phone-system license is not a calling plan
The most common budgeting mistake is treating the $10 or $17 license as the whole cost. The license only entitles a user to the phone-system application and access to a PSTN solution; the PSTN solution that actually carries the calls is a separate purchase whenever you use Operator Connect, Teams Phone Mobile, or Direct Routing.[4] Microsoft 365 E5 shows the split cleanly, because it includes the phone-system license but still requires you to add a Calling Plan or a third-party carrier before anyone can dial out.[4]